PeaceingBetter

Oil Honoré Daumier , The Painter (1808–1879), oil on panel with visible brushstrokes Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments that are bound with a medium of drying oil , such as linseed oil , which was widely used in early modern Europe. Often the oil was boiled with a resin such as pine resin or even frankincense ; these were called 'varnishes' and were prized for their body and gloss. Oil paint eventually became the principal medium used for creating artworks as its advantages became widely known. The transition began with Early Netherlandish painting in northern Europe, and by the height of the Renaissance oil painting techniques had almost completely replaced tempera paints in the majority of Europe.  -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "2top-manitotasy-3" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to 2top-manitotasy-3+unsubscribe@google...

Tempera Tempera , also known as egg tempera, is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of colored pigment mixed with a water-soluble binder medium (usually a glutinous material such as egg yolk or some other size ). Tempera also refers to the paintings done in this medium. Tempera paintings are very long-lasting, and examples from the first centuries CE still exist. Egg tempera was a primary method of painting until after 1500 when it was superseded by the invention of oil painting . A paint commonly called tempera (though it is not) consisting of pigment and glue size is commonly used and referred to by some manufacturers in America as poster paint . Fresco White Angel (fresco, c. 1235), Mileševa monastery, Serbia Fresco is any of several related mural painting types, done on plaster on walls or ceilings. The word fresco comes from the Italian word affresco [afˈfresːko] , which derives from the Latin word for fresh . Frescoes were often mad...

Ernährung im Verlauf der Evolution des Menschen Der heutige Mensch ernährt sich zumeist omnivor , jedoch auch vegetarisch oder vegan . Belege für den Anteil tierischer und pflanzlicher Nahrung bei fossilen Arten können zum Beispiel durch eine Isotopenuntersuchung von Zinkisotopen im Zahnschmelz erbracht werden. [4] Auch anhand des Knochenkollagens lässt sich bei einem menschlichen Skelett der ungefähre Anteil an tierischer oder pflanzlicher beziehungsweise maritimer oder kontinentaler Ernährung bestimmen. [5] -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "2top-manitotasy-3" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to 2top-manitotasy-3+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com . To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/2top-manitotasy-3/CACHR9V1XFpt6HUFfJ1DEeO%3DVs9ZCFPOykwO0%3D_M65VXdpRqD3Q%40mail.gmail.com .

Abgrenzung Die Abgrenzung zwischen Lebens- und Nahrungsmitteln einerseits und zwischen Lebensmitteln und Getränken andererseits ist in der Fachliteratur umstritten. Werner Kollath sprach in seinem grundlegenden Werk aus 1942 davon, dass Lebensmittel mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit den Anspruch erfüllen, „Mittel zur Erhaltung des Lebens " zu sein, Nahrungsmittel dagegen dienen in erster Linie der Sättigung , also der Beseitigung des Hungers . [1] Er zählte lediglich das Getränk Milch zu den Lebensmitteln. [2] Kollaths Werk wird noch heute herangezogen und behandelt die bakteriologische und hygienische Perspektive, während die lebensmittelrechtliche eine andere Abgrenzung schafft. Zu Lebensmitteln zählen dem EU-Recht zufolge sämtliche Getränke, Kaugummi sowie alle Stoffe – einschließlich Wasser –, die dem Lebensmittel bei seiner Herstellung oder Ver- oder Bearbeitung absichtlich zugesetzt werden (Art. 2 Verordnung (EG) Nr. 178/2002 vom 28. Januar 2002 zur Festlegu...

Die Ernährung des Menschen setzt sich aus Lebensmitteln , Nahrungsmitteln und Getränken zusammen. Die menschliche Ernährung beeinflusst auch das körperliche, geistige , physiologische und soziale Wohlbefinden . Der bewusste Umgang mit der Zufuhr von Nahrung ist zudem ein weit verbreiteter Bestandteil der menschlichen Kulturen und vieler Religionen und Weltanschauungen . Zur Ernährung des Menschen tragen Rohkost und gegarte Nahrungsmittel bei, die frisch oder konserviert sein können. Fehlfunktionen bei der Nahrungsaufnahme werden als Ernährungsstörungen bezeichnet. Die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der Ernährung des Menschen werden insbesondere von der Ernährungswissenschaft erforscht und u. a. im Studienfach Ökotrophologie vermittelt. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "2top-manitotasy-3" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to 2top-manitotasy-3+unsu...

Enamel Jean de Court (attributed), painted Limoges enamel dish in detail (mid-16th century), Waddesdon Bequest , British Museum Enamels are made by painting a substrate, typically metal, with powdered glass; minerals called color oxides provide coloration. After firing at a temperature of 750–850 degrees Celsius (1380–1560 degrees Fahrenheit), the result is a fused lamination of glass and metal. Unlike most painted techniques, the surface can be handled and wetted Enamels have traditionally been used for decoration of precious objects, [35] but have also been used for other purposes. Limoges enamel was the leading centre of Renaissance enamel painting, with small religious and mythological scenes in decorated surrounds, on plaques or objects such as salts or caskets. In the 18th century, enamel painting enjoyed a vogue in Europe, especially as a medium for portrait miniatures . [36] In the late 20th century, the technique of porcelain enamel on metal has ...

Gouache Gouache is a water-based paint consisting of pigment and other materials designed to be used in an opaque painting method. Gouache differs from watercolor in that the particles are larger, the ratio of pigment to water is much higher, and an additional, inert, white pigment such as chalk is also present. This makes gouache heavier and more opaque, with greater reflective qualities. Like all watermedia, it is diluted with water. [34] Ink Sesshū Tōyō , Landscapes of the Four Seasons (1486), ink and light color on paper Ink paintings are done with a liquid that contains pigments or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text , or design . Ink is used for drawing with a pen , brush , or quill . Ink can be a complex medium, composed of solvents , pigments, dyes, resins , lubricants , solubilizers, surfactants , particulate matter , fluorescers , and other materials. The components of inks serve many purposes; the ink's carrier, co...

Consequência da má nutrição A má nutrição pode trazer deficiência psíquica, fisiológica ou anatômica, por isso é sempre bom estar indo ao medico nutricionista para acompanhar seu ritmo de nutrição. Podemos assim destacar as principais deficiências que causa a má nutrição. Avitaminose As avitaminoses ou hipovitaminoses são famílias de doenças causadas pela falta ou deficiência de vitaminas no organismo. Geralmente é devida a uma alimentação incompleta, mas podem também surgir na sequência de outros problemas de saúde. Algumas destas doenças, como o escorbuto (deficiência de vitamina C ), provavelmente a primeira avitaminose conhecida, podem ser tratadas apenas com suplementos vitamínicos. Diabetes Diabetes mellitus é uma doença metabólica caracterizada por um aumento anormal de açúcar ou glicose no sangue . A glicose é a principal fonte de energia do organismo, porém quando em excesso, pode trazer várias complicações à saúde. Quando não tratada adequa...

Dieta refere-se aos hábitos alimentares individuais. Cada pessoa tem uma dieta específica (saudável ou não). Cada cultura costuma caracterizar-se por dietas particulares. Contudo, em termos gerais, o uso popular desta palavra costuma apenas definir dieta como uma forma de conter o peso e manter sua saúde em boa condição. Para seguir uma dieta, convém consultar um médico ou nutricionista, a fim de conhecer a dieta adequada ao seu organismo. A escolha de alimentos certos na proporção correta, bem como a prática de exercício físico com orientação de um especialista, evitando uma vida sedentária , são considerados fatores essenciais para a manutenção da saúde. Uma "dieta" restritiva e que não tenha em conta as necessidades do organismo poderá ter efeitos desastrosos. Por isso, uma adequada avaliação nutricional individual evita desequilíbrios na dieta que podem levar a problemas de saúde, tais como deficiências nutricionais específicas ou calórico-pro...

Watercolor John Martin , Manfred on the Jungfrau (1837), watercolor Watercolor is a painting method in which the paints are made of pigments suspended in a water-soluble vehicle. The traditional and most common support for watercolor paintings is paper; other supports include papyrus , bark papers, plastics, vellum or leather , fabric , wood and canvas . In East Asia, watercolor painting with inks is referred to as brush painting or scroll painting. In Chinese , Korean , and Japanese painting it has been the dominant medium, often in monochrome black or browns. India, Ethiopia and other countries also have long traditions. Finger-painting with watercolor paints originated in China. There are various types of watercolors used by artists. Some examples are pan watercolors, liquid watercolors, watercolor brush pens, and watercolor pencils. Watercolor pencils (water-soluble color pencils) may be used either wet or dry. Gouache Gouache -- You received t...

Painting media Different types of paint are usually identified by the medium that the pigment is suspended or embedded in, which determines the general working characteristics of the paint, such as viscosity , miscibility , solubility , drying time, etc. Hot wax or encaustic Encaustic icon from Saint Catherine's Monastery , Egypt (6th-century) Encaustic painting , also known as hot wax painting, involves using heated beeswax to which colored pigments are added. The liquid/paste is then applied to a surface—usually prepared wood, though canvas and other materials are often used. The simplest encaustic mixture can be made from adding pigments to beeswax, but there are several other recipes that can be used—some containing other types of waxes , damar resin , linseed oil , or other ingredients. Pure, powdered pigments can be purchased and used, though some mixtures use oil paints or other forms of pigment. Metal tools and special brushes can be used to shap...

Nutrição na fase idosa Nesta fase, a alimentação além de nutrir, poderá tratar determinadas doenças e proteger o organismo. Devem ser levados em conta alguns fatores, como: estado de saúde físico, mental e emocional, hábitos alimentares anteriores, alterações na capacidade de mastigar, deglutir, digerir e absorver os alimentos, etc. Pode acontecer também uma redução no paladar e do olfato . Conforme a pessoa vai envelhecendo, as suas necessidades de energia vão diminuindo, porém, por outro lado, a necessidade dos nutrientes vai aumentando. Por isso, deve-se priorizar alimentos de alto valor nutricional. Podemos perceber que muitos idosos deixam de comer alimentos mais consistentes, optando por outros de consistência pastosa, como sopas, chás, torradas, etc. É importante estimular a mastigação e o consumo de uma dieta completa e balanceada. Caso o idoso tenha algum tipo de doença é necessário ter um acompanhamento individual, com aporte nutricional adequa...

Nutrição na fase adulta A fase adulta é a fase da manutenção, sendo também muito importante ter uma alimentação adequada. Talvez essa seja a fase mais difícil, pois depende dos hábitos alimentares adquiridos, fatores culturais, financeiros, entre outros. Apesar de tudo isso, se deve pesar a importância de uma alimentação saudável tanto para o bom funcionamento orgânico, como prevenção de doenças e melhor saúde quando idoso. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "2top-manitotasy-3" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to 2top-manitotasy-3+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com . To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/2top-manitotasy-3/CACHR9V3LhMHR6HUfb_DtEBpGj3aPOqON30ez1BUvBCqyRsd0rw%40mail.gmail.com .

Iconography is the study of the content of paintings, rather than their style. Erwin Panofsky and other art historians first seek to understand the things depicted, before looking at their meaning for the viewer at the time, and finally analyzing their wider cultural, religious, and social meaning. [30] In 1890, the Parisian painter Maurice Denis famously asserted: "Remember that a painting—before being a warhorse, a naked woman or some story or other—is essentially a flat surface covered with colors assembled in a certain order." [31] Thus, many 20th-century developments in painting, such as Cubism , were reflections on the means of painting rather than on the external world— nature —which had previously been its core subject. Recent contributions to thinking about painting have been offered by the painter and writer Julian Bell . In his book What is Painting? , Bell discusses the development, through history, of the notion that paintings can express ...

Aesthetics and theory Main article: Theory of painting Female painter sitting on a campstool and painting a statue of Dionysus or Priapus onto a panel which is held by a boy. Fresco from Pompeii , 1st century Nino Pisano , Apelles or the Art of painting in detail (1334–1336); relief of the Giotto's Bell Tower in Florence , Italy Aesthetics is the study of art and beauty ; it was an important issue for 18th- and 19th-century philosophers such as Kant and Hegel . Classical philosophers like Plato and Aristotle also theorized about art and painting in particular. Plato disregarded painters (as well as sculptors) in his philosophical system; he maintained that painting cannot depict the truth —it is a copy of reality (a shadow of the world of ideas) and is nothing but a craft , similar to shoemaking or iron casting. [24] By the time of Leonardo, painting had become a closer representation of the truth than painting was in Ancient Greece . Leonardo da Vinci , o...

Nutrição na adolescência Na adolescência ter uma dieta balanceada também é fundamental, pois as necessidades nutricionais nessa fase são maiores. É importante tomar cuidado, pois os adolescentes muitas vezes desejam ter um corpo magro e fazem qualquer coisa para consegui-lo, quase sempre sem orientação de um profissional da saúde, o que pode levar a deficiências nutricionais e transtornos alimentares como bulimia nervosa e anorexia nervosa , por exemplo. Os pais devem estar atentos e procurar sempre a ajuda de um profissional de saúde. Os adolescentes geralmente comem muitos lanches, sem verduras e ricos em gordura. O consumo de frituras, doces e refrigerantes pode ocorrer em excesso. Estes e outros maus hábitos alimentares são freqüentes nesta fase. Por isso é muito importante estimular uma alimentação saudável diariamente e explicar porque há esta necessidade. Além de ter uma alimentação equilibrada, com o consumo de todos os grupos alimentares, podemos ...

Nutrição na infância Até os 6 meses de idade, é indiscutível a importância do aleitamento materno exclusivo pois fornece todos os nutrientes importantes para o bebê, além de anticorpos e outras substâncias fundamentais. Com o passar dos meses e anos, a criança vai conhecendo e experimentando todos os alimentos, sendo essencial que a mãe já comece a incentivar uma alimentação equilibrada à criança. A infância é a fase inicial onde ocorre a formação e crescimento. A alimentação nessa etapa é essencial para um crescimento e desenvolvimento adequados. Nesta fase é importante respeitar horários e refeições a serem realizadas. A criança deve comer cereais, verduras, legumes, carnes, leguminosas e frutas. Os pais não devem estimular o consumo de guloseimas e alimentos de baixo valor nutricional. Lembre-se que os filhos são o reflexo dos pais, e isso ocorre também na alimentação. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Gro...

Music was important to the birth of abstract art since music is abstract by nature—it does not try to represent the exterior world, but expresses in an immediate way the inner feelings of the soul. Wassily Kandinsky often used musical terms to identify his works; he called his most spontaneous paintings "improvisations" and described more elaborate works as "compositions". Kandinsky theorized that "music is the ultimate teacher," [19] and subsequently embarked upon the first seven of his ten Compositions . Hearing tones and chords as he painted, Kandinsky theorized that (for example), yellow is the color of middle C on a brassy trumpet; black is the color of closure, and the end of things; and that combinations of colors produce vibrational frequencies, akin to chords played on a piano. In 1871 the young Kandinsky learned to play the piano and cello. [20] [21] Kandinsky's stage design for a performance of Mussorgsky 's Pi...

Jean Metzinger 's mosaic-like Divisionist technique had its parallel in literature; a characteristic of the alliance between Symbolist writers and Neo-Impressionist artists: I ask of divided brushwork not the objective rendering of light, but iridescences and certain aspects of color still foreign to painting. I make a kind of chromatic versification and for syllables, I use strokes which, variable in quantity, cannot differ in dimension without modifying the rhythm of a pictorial phraseology destined to translate the diverse emotions aroused by nature. (Jean Metzinger, circa 1907) [16] Piet Mondrian , Composition en rouge, jaune, bleu et noir (1921), Gemeentemuseum Den Haag Rhythm , for artists such as Piet Mondrian , [17] [18] is important in painting as it is in music. If one defines rhythm as "a pause incorporated into a sequence", then there can be rhythm in paintings. These pauses allow creative force to intervene and add new creatio...

Non-traditional elements Modern artists have extended the practice of painting considerably to include, as one example, collage , which began with Cubism and is not painting in the strict sense. Some modern painters incorporate different materials such as metal, plastic, sand , cement , straw , leaves or wood for their texture . Examples of this are the works of Jean Dubuffet and Anselm Kiefer . There is a growing community of artists who use computers to "paint" color onto a digital "canvas" using programs such as Adobe Photoshop , Corel Painter , and many others. These images can be printed onto traditional canvas if required.    -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "2top-manitotasy-3" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to 2top-manitotasy-3+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com . To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/2...

 Painters deal practically with pigments , [15] so " blue " for a painter can be any of the blues: phthalocyanine blue , Prussian blue , indigo , Cobalt blue , ultramarine , and so on. Psychological and symbolical meanings of color are not, strictly speaking, means of painting. Colors only add to the potential, derived context of meanings, and because of this, the perception of a painting is highly subjective. The analogy with music is quite clear—sound in music (like a C note) is analogous to "light" in painting, "shades" to dynamics , and "coloration" is to painting as the specific timbre of musical instruments is to music. These elements do not necessarily form a melody (in music) of themselves; rather, they can add different contexts to it.    -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "2top-manitotasy-3" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails...

Elements of painting Chen Hongshou (1598–1652), Leaf album painting ( Ming dynasty ) Georges Seurat , Circus Sideshow ( French : Parade de cirque ) (1887–88) Color and tone Color , made up of hue , saturation , and value , dispersed over a surface is the essence of painting, just as pitch and rhythm are the essence of music . Color is highly subjective, but has observable psychological effects, although these can differ from one culture to the next. Black is associated with mourning in the West, but in the East, white is. Some painters, theoreticians, writers, and scientists, including Goethe , [12] Kandinsky , [13] and Newton , [14] have written their own color theory . Moreover, the use of language is only an abstraction for a color equivalent. The word " red ", for example, can cover a wide range of variations from the pure red of the visible spectrum of light. There is not a formalized register of different colors in the way that there is ag...

There are examples of cave paintings all over the world—in Indonesia , France , Spain , Portugal , Italy , China ,India , Australia , Mexico , [10] etc. In Western cultures, oil painting and watercolor painting have rich and complex traditions in style and subject matter. In the East, ink and color ink historically predominated the choice of media, with equally rich and complex traditions. The invention of photography had a major impact on painting. In the decades after the first photograph was produced in 1829, photographic processes improved and became more widely practiced, depriving painting of much of its historic purpose to provide an accurate record of the observable world. A series of art movements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries—notably Impressionism , Post-Impressionism , Fauvism , Expressionism , Cubism , and Dadaism —challenged the Renaissance view of the world. Eastern and African painting, however, continued a long history of stylization and d...

Related design fields Interface design Main article: User interface design Since the advent of personal computers, many graphic designers have become involved in interface design , in an environment commonly referred to as a Graphical user interface (GUI). This has included web design and software design when end user-interactivity is a design consideration of the layout or interface. Combining visual communication skills with an understanding of user interaction and online branding, graphic designers often work with software developers and web developers to create the look and feel of a web site or software application . An important aspect of interface design is icon design . User experience design Main article: User experience design User experience design (UX) is the study, analysis, and development of creating products that provide meaningful and relevant experiences to users. This involves the creation of the entire process of acquiring and integrating t...

Computers and software Designers disagree whether computers enhance the creative process. [37] Some designers argue that computers allow them to explore multiple ideas quickly and in more detail than can be achieved by hand-rendering or paste-up . [38] While other designers find the limitless choices from digital design can lead to paralysis or endless iterations with no clear outcome. Most designers use a hybrid process that combines traditional and computer-based technologies. First, hand-rendered layouts are used to get approval to execute an idea, then the polished visual product is produced on a computer. Graphic designers are expected to be proficient in software programs for image-making, typography and layout. Nearly all of the popular and "industry standard" software programs used by graphic designers since the early 1990s are products of Adobe Inc . Adobe Photoshop (a raster -based program for photo editing) and Adobe Illustrator (a vector-bas...

A portion of the history of painting in both Eastern and Western art is dominated by religious art . Examples of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery, to Biblical scenes on the Sistine Chapel ceiling , to scenes from the life of Buddha (or other images of Eastern religious origin ). History Main article: History of painting Prehistoric cave painting of aurochs ( French : Bos primigenius primigenius ), Lascaux , France The oldest known figurative painting is a depiction of a bull that was discovered in the Lubang Jeriji Saléh cave in Indonesia . It was painted 40,000 - 52,000 years ago or earlier. The oldest known paintings are approximately 40,000 years old, found in both the Franco-Cantabrian region in western Europe, and in the caves in the district of Maros ( Sulawesi , Indonesia ). In November 2018, however, scientists reported the discovery of the then-oldest known figurative art painting, over 40,000 (perha...