Abgrenzung

Abgrenzung

Die Abgrenzung zwischen Lebens- und Nahrungsmitteln einerseits und zwischen Lebensmitteln und Getränken andererseits ist in der Fachliteratur umstritten. Werner Kollath sprach in seinem grundlegenden Werk aus 1942 davon, dass Lebensmittel mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit den Anspruch erfüllen, „Mittel zur Erhaltung des Lebens" zu sein, Nahrungsmittel dagegen dienen in erster Linie der Sättigung, also der Beseitigung des Hungers.[1] Er zählte lediglich das Getränk Milch zu den Lebensmitteln.[2] Kollaths Werk wird noch heute herangezogen und behandelt die bakteriologische und hygienische Perspektive, während die lebensmittelrechtliche eine andere Abgrenzung schafft. Zu Lebensmitteln zählen dem EU-Recht zufolge sämtliche Getränke, Kaugummi sowie alle Stoffe – einschließlich Wasser –, die dem Lebensmittel bei seiner Herstellung oder Ver- oder Bearbeitung absichtlich zugesetzt werden (Art. 2 Verordnung (EG) Nr. 178/2002 vom 28. Januar 2002 zur Festlegung der allgemeinen Grundsätze und Anforderungen des Lebensmittelrechts, zur Errichtung der Europäischen Behörde für Lebensmittelsicherheit und zur Festlegung von Verfahren zur Lebensmittelsicherheit).

Kollath trennte Lebens- und Nahrungsmittel wie folgt:[3]

Attribut Art Verarbeitungsstufe Beispiele
„lebend" Lebensmittel natürlich, mechanisch
oder fermentativ aufgeschlossen		 Eier, Gemüse, Gewürze, Obst, Milch, Milchprodukte
„tot" Nahrungsmittel erhitzt, konserviert, präpariert Fleisch, tierische Organe, Genussmittel, Getränke

Eindeutig nicht zur Ernährung des Menschen gehört die eigenständige Gruppe der Genussmittel sowie Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe und Nahrungsergänzungsmittel.

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